The plantar complications of diabetes refer to the foot-related issues that can arise as a result of diabetes. These complications primarily affect the feet due to nerve damage (neuropathy) and reduced blood circulation. Here are some common plantar complications seen in individuals with diabetes:
1. Diabetic neuropathy: This condition involves nerve damage, often leading to loss of sensation or altered sensation in the feet. It can make it challenging to detect injuries, such as cuts, blisters, or ulcers, which may go unnoticed and develop into more severe problems.
2. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD): Diabetes can lead to impaired blood flow, causing poor circulation to the extremities, including the feet. Reduced blood supply can slow down the healing process and increase the risk of infections and non-healing wounds.
3. Diabetic foot ulcers: Due to neuropathy and reduced blood flow, even minor foot injuries can develop into open sores known as ulcers. These ulcers are prone to infection and can be slow to heal. In severe cases, they may lead to tissue death (gangrene) and require amputation.
4. Charcot foot: Charcot foot is a condition characterized by weakening and deformity of the bones in the foot. It can occur due to neuropathy, and the affected foot may become swollen, red, and misshapen. Without proper care, this condition can cause fractures and joint abnormalities.
5. Fungal infections: Diabetes can increase the susceptibility to fungal infections, such as athlete’s foot. These infections can cause itching, cracking, and scaling of the skin on the feet, making them more prone to other complications.
To prevent or manage these complications, individuals with diabetes should maintain good foot hygiene, inspect their feet regularly, wear appropriate insoles, keep blood sugar levels under control, and seek prompt medical attention for any foot issues.
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